Introduction
CryptHook is a modular implementation for securing existing applications with symmetrical block cipher encryption. It works by hooking the base system calls for network communication send/sendto and recv/recvfrom. CryptHook will work with existing applications that rely on these system calls.
Download the Code
$ git clone https://github.com/chokepoint/CryptHook.git or $ wget https://github.com/chokepoint/CryptHook/archive/master.zip
Hooking the Calls
Hooking system calls is relatively simple, and is often used to deploy userland rootkits such as Jynx/Jynx2. For this, we're really only interested in hooking four system calls, as previously mentioned. With these hooks, we are able to intercept any data before it is sent across the network (for encryption), and also any data before it touches the client/server application (for decryption).
static ssize_t (*old_recv)(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags);
static ssize_t (*old_send)(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags);
static ssize_t (*old_recvfrom)(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags, struct sockaddr *src_addr, socklen_t *addrlen);
static ssize_t (*old_sendto)(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *dest_addr, socklen_t addrlen);
ssize_t recv(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags) {
....
}
ssize_t recvfrom(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags, struct sockaddr *src_addr, socklen_t *addrlen) {
....
}
ssize_t send(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags) {
....
}
ssize_t sendto(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *dest_addr, socklen_t addrlen) {
....
}
Encrypting / Decrypting Data *Updated*
As part of this proof of concept, I've focused primarily on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). CryptHook is now only set up with AES 256 in GMC mode, but it would be relatively simple to implement additional algorithms that are already a part of the OpenSSL library.
#define BLOCK_CIPHER EVP_aes_256_cbc() // EVP_aes_256_cbc() and EVP_bf_cbc() have been tested #define BLOCK_SIZE 16 // Blowfish = 8 AES = 16 #define KEY_SIZE 32 // Blowfish is variable, lets go w/ 256 bits
The key is passed to the library using an environment variable. The plain text is then used to derive a key using PBKDF2 with multiple iterations. If you're going to use this in a live environment, I highly encourage you to change the salt and number of iterations. If no key is passed to the library, it defaults back to PASSPHRASE defined below.
#define PASSPHRASE "Hello NSA"
Example Usage
As discussed earlier, this can be use with many different client/server applications. As a demonstration, lets add a layer of encryption to SSHd.
Server side: $ LD_PRELOAD=./crypthook.so UC_KEY=OHarroNSA sshd -p 5000
Client Side: $ LD_PRELOAD=./crypthook.so UC_KEY=OHarroNSA ssh localhost -p 5000
Wireshark Capture
As you can see, the packets show up as malformed, because Wireshark doesn't know how to interpret them, and the data is obviously encrypted.
Going Beyond
It'd be relatively simple to add an SSL header to each packet so that the packets look even more innocuous to anyone casually observing the transaction. SSL headers for application data are five bytes. Adding a fake SSL handshake immediately upon connection would also be a nice touch.
[SSL Record Type][SSL Version][Data Length] [1 Byte] [2 Bytes] [2 Bytes]
